What Are Fixed and Removable Dentures?

Tooth loss is a significant issue that affects both aesthetics and functional quality of life. Today, the two main treatments for replacing missing teeth are fixed dentures and removable dentures. Fixed dentures are permanently attached to teeth or implants and cannot be removed by the patient. Removable dentures, on the other hand, can be taken out and are generally preferred for cases with more extensive tooth loss.

The usage, advantages, and maintenance of these two types of dentures differ. The dentist determines which type is appropriate based on the patient’s oral structure, number of missing teeth, and overall health.

What Is a Fixed Denture?

A fixed denture is an artificial tooth structure permanently placed in the mouth and can only be removed by a dentist. Common examples include crowns and bridges.

The key feature of fixed dentures is that they provide a natural tooth-like feel. They transmit chewing forces similarly to natural teeth and match the color of surrounding teeth, offering a natural appearance.

The fabrication process of a fixed denture typically includes:

  • Shaping the adjacent teeth or placing an implant

  • Taking impressions and preparing a custom denture in the laboratory

  • Permanently attaching the denture to the teeth using a special cementing technique

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fixed Dentures

Advantages:

  • Closely resembles natural teeth in appearance and feel

  • Effectively restores chewing and speaking functions

  • Provides secure, immovable use

Disadvantages:

  • Cannot be removed by the patient

  • Supporting teeth may need to be reduced before application

  • Poor oral hygiene can lead to gum problems

Fixed dentures are usually preferred for patients with sufficient healthy teeth or those who can receive implants.

What Is a Removable Denture?

A removable denture is an artificial tooth structure that can be taken in and out by the patient, replacing missing teeth. It has two main types:

  • Complete Denture: For cases where all teeth are missing

  • Partial Denture: For cases where only some teeth are missing

Removable dentures restore aesthetics in toothless areas, support chewing, and reduce speech difficulties. They also help preserve the jawbone.

These dentures are retained in the mouth using clasps, precision attachments, or suction. Implant-supported removable dentures offer a more secure fit and higher comfort.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Removable Dentures

Advantages:

  • Suitable for extensive tooth loss

  • Generally more cost-effective than fixed dentures

  • Can be easily removed for cleaning

Disadvantages:

  • Requires an adjustment period initially

  • May move slightly during chewing or speaking

  • Poor maintenance can lead to bad breath and gum problems

Removable dentures are an effective solution for wide toothless areas or when there is insufficient support for a fixed denture.

Differences Between Fixed and Removable Dentures

The main difference lies in usage: fixed dentures are permanent and cannot be removed, while removable dentures can be taken out by the patient for daily cleaning. Fixed dentures provide a more natural feel, whereas removable dentures are more flexible and suitable for larger areas of tooth loss.

When choosing between them, the dentist considers jaw structure, bone volume, number of teeth, aesthetic expectations, and budget. In some cases, implant-supported dentures can combine the advantages of both fixed and removable systems.