What Is a Panoramic X-Ray?
A panoramic X-ray is a specialized radiographic examination used in dentistry and oral-maxillofacial surgery that provides a wide-angle view of the jaws, teeth, and surrounding structures. With a single image, both the upper and lower jawbones, teeth, jaw joints, and sinuses can be visualized, offering comprehensive information about a patient’s oral anatomy.
Technically, the patient’s head is stabilized in a special device while an X-ray tube and detector rotate around the head to create a panoramic image. The procedure usually takes only a few seconds and is completely painless for the patient.
Uses of Panoramic X-Rays
Panoramic X-rays are commonly used in various dental and oral health situations, including:
Assessment of impacted teeth: Especially useful for evaluating the position of wisdom teeth and their effect on surrounding structures.
Jaw fractures and trauma: Clearly shows the location and extent of fractures.
Detection of cysts and tumors: Pathological formations in the jawbone are easily identified.
Implant planning: Evaluates bone structure and sinus conditions to determine the correct implant placement.
Orthodontic assessment: Provides information on overall tooth positioning and jaw relationships.
Advantages of Panoramic X-Rays
Wide area imaging: The entire oral and jaw region can be examined in a single shot.
Low radiation dose: Patients receive less radiation compared to some other radiographic examinations.
Quick and painless: The procedure is fast and comfortable for patients.
Facilitates diagnosis and treatment planning: Allows dentists to analyze the patient’s condition quickly and accurately.
These benefits make panoramic X-rays a standard imaging method in modern dentistry.
Precautions Before and After Panoramic X-Rays
Before the imaging, all metal accessories (earrings, necklaces, glasses, etc.) should be removed. Dental prostheses and removable appliances should also be taken out to improve image clarity. The patient’s head is positioned correctly in the device, and movement should be minimized during the scan.
No special preparation is needed after the procedure, and patients can continue their daily activities. However, the number of X-rays should be limited to reduce radiation exposure.
Limitations of Panoramic X-Rays and Complementary Imaging Methods
While panoramic X-rays provide a broad overview, they have some limitations in detail. Small fractures, early-stage infections, or soft tissue lesions may not be clearly visible.
In such cases, more detailed imaging methods can be used, such as:
Periapical X-rays
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
Dentists select the most appropriate imaging technique based on the patient’s condition to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning.