What is Canker Sore (Aphthous Ulcer)

A canker sore is a painful ulcer that appears on the oral mucosa, usually round or oval in shape, with a whitish or yellowish surface surrounded by a red border. They can be small in size, but sometimes they appear larger and more widespread. Canker sores typically heal on their own within a few days but can cause pain and discomfort.

Although the exact cause of canker sores is not fully understood, immune system problems, stress, hormonal changes, certain nutritional deficiencies, and oral trauma are among the triggering factors.

 

Symptoms and Types of Canker Sores

Canker sores can be small, medium, or large and usually present with the following symptoms:

* Burning or stinging sensation inside the mouth
* Pain while eating or speaking
* Round or oval white-yellow lesions
* Red and inflamed tissue around the ulcer

Canker sores are typically classified into three types:

* **Minor canker sore:** Small, common sores that usually heal within 1-2 weeks.
* **Major canker sore:** Larger and deeper ulcers that may take several weeks to heal.
* **Herpetiform canker sore:** Tiny ulcers that occur in clusters or groups.

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Treatment Methods for Canker Sore

The goal of treatment is to reduce pain, speed up healing, and lower the risk of recurrence. Treatment options include:

* **Topical medications:** Gels, creams, or sprays with pain-relieving and healing properties applied directly to the sore.
* **Mouth rinses:** Antiseptic and anti-inflammatory mouthwashes.
* **Oral care:** Gentle and regular tooth brushing to reduce irritation.
* **Pain relievers:** Systemic pain medications may be recommended by a doctor for severe pain.
* **Dietary adjustments:** Avoiding acidic, spicy, and hard foods supports healing.

Tips to Prevent Recurrence of Canker Sores

Canker sores can sometimes become a recurrent issue. Lifestyle changes and precautions may help:

* Reducing stress and maintaining regular sleep habits
* Correcting vitamin and mineral deficiencies (especially B12, iron, folic acid)
* Paying attention to oral hygiene
* Avoiding irritating foods and drinks
* Being mindful of toothpaste and mouth care product ingredients

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When to See a Doctor?

You should consult a healthcare professional in the following situations:

* If canker sores last longer than 2 weeks
* If there is excessive pain, difficulty swallowing, or speaking
* If sores are frequent and numerous
* If fever or general fatigue accompanies the condition

These may be signs of a more serious underlying health problem.